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Prepare for the timed AP Biology test.

Your answers are held until submission. The final review identifies the units that need another pass.

AP Biology coverage and review map

Connect every question to the exact skill it rehearses. Work through the units in order, then return to any topic that still needs a hint or a second attempt.

01

Chemistry of Life

Water, macromolecules, structure and function

Goal: recognise a chemistry of life problem from its wording, carry out the governing method, and check that the result is reasonable.

02

Cell Structure and Function

Membranes, transport, compartmentalization

Goal: recognise a cell structure and function problem from its wording, carry out the governing method, and check that the result is reasonable.

03

Cellular Energetics

Enzymes, photosynthesis, respiration

Goal: recognise a cellular energetics problem from its wording, carry out the governing method, and check that the result is reasonable.

04

Cell Communication and Cell Cycle

Signaling, feedback, mitosis

Goal: recognise a cell communication and cell cycle problem from its wording, carry out the governing method, and check that the result is reasonable.

05

Heredity

Meiosis, Mendelian and non-Mendelian inheritance

Goal: recognise a heredity problem from its wording, carry out the governing method, and check that the result is reasonable.

06

Gene Expression and Regulation

DNA, RNA, biotechnology, regulation

Goal: recognise a gene expression and regulation problem from its wording, carry out the governing method, and check that the result is reasonable.

07

Natural Selection

Evolution, populations, phylogeny

Goal: recognise a natural selection problem from its wording, carry out the governing method, and check that the result is reasonable.

08

Ecology

Energy flow, populations, communities, biodiversity

Goal: recognise a ecology problem from its wording, carry out the governing method, and check that the result is reasonable.

AP Biology questions with worked answers

These 8 questions are printed in full on this page and are drawn across all 8 course units. Nothing here is generated on the fly. Cover the options, solve each one on paper, and only then open the worked answer to compare your method with the one shown.

Question 1: Twelve amino acids join into a single polypeptide. How many water molecules are released?

AP Biology · Chemistry of Life

  1. 11
  2. 12
  3. 13
  4. 24
Show the worked answer
  1. Amino acids link by dehydration synthesis, and each new bond releases one water molecule.
  2. A chain of 12 units needs bonds between neighbours.
  3. The number of bonds is one fewer than the number of units: 12 - 1 = 11.
  4. So 11 water molecules are released.

Answer: 11

Question 2: A cube-shaped cell measures 2 micrometers on each side. What is its surface-area-to-volume ratio?

AP Biology · Cell Structure and Function

  1. 3 to 1
  2. 1 to 3
  3. 24 to 1
  4. 6 to 1
Show the worked answer
  1. A cube has 6 faces, each 2 x 2 = 4 square micrometers, so the surface area is 24.
  2. The volume is 2 x 2 x 2 = 8 cubic micrometers.
  3. Divide: 24 / 8 = 3.
  4. The ratio is 3 to 1, and it falls as a cell gets larger, which limits cell size.

Answer: 3 to 1

Question 3: How many carbon dioxide molecules are released for each glucose molecule fully broken down in aerobic respiration?

AP Biology · Cellular Energetics

  1. 6
  2. 2
  3. 12
  4. 38
Show the worked answer
  1. Glucose has the formula C6H12O6, so it contains 6 carbon atoms.
  2. Every carbon atom leaves the pathway inside a carbon dioxide molecule.
  3. Two come from the link reaction and four from the Krebs cycle, per glucose.
  4. 6 carbons in means 6 carbon dioxide molecules out.

Answer: 6

Question 4: A cell has a diploid number of 12. How many chromosomes are in each cell after mitosis, and after meiosis II?

AP Biology · Cell Communication and Cell Cycle

  1. 12 after mitosis, 6 after meiosis II
  2. 6 after mitosis, 6 after meiosis II
  3. 24 after mitosis, 12 after meiosis II
  4. 12 after mitosis, 12 after meiosis II
Show the worked answer
  1. Mitosis makes two cells identical to the parent.
  2. So each daughter cell keeps the full diploid number, 12.
  3. Meiosis halves the chromosome number to make gametes.
  4. Half of 12 is 6, so each cell after meiosis II has 6 chromosomes.

Answer: 12 after mitosis, 6 after meiosis II

Question 5: Two plants with genotype AaBb are crossed. What is the probability of an aabb offspring?

AP Biology · Heredity

  1. 1/16
  2. 9/16
  3. 1/4
  4. 3/16
Show the worked answer
  1. Treat the two genes separately, since they assort independently.
  2. Aa x Aa gives aa one quarter of the time.
  3. Bb x Bb gives bb one quarter of the time.
  4. Multiply the independent chances: 1/4 x 1/4 = 1/16.

Answer: 1/16

Question 6: An mRNA reads 5'-AUG GCA UAA-3'. How many amino acids does it code for?

AP Biology · Gene Expression and Regulation

  1. 2
  2. 3
  3. 1
  4. 9
Show the worked answer
  1. The message is read in three-letter codons.
  2. AUG is the start codon and codes for methionine.
  3. GCA codes for alanine, the second amino acid.
  4. UAA is a stop codon and adds no amino acid, so the chain has 2 amino acids.

Answer: 2

Question 7: In a population at Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, 16% show the recessive phenotype. What fraction of the population is heterozygous?

AP Biology · Natural Selection

  1. 0.48
  2. 0.40
  3. 0.36
  4. 0.24
Show the worked answer
  1. The recessive phenotype frequency is q squared, so q squared = 0.16.
  2. The square root of 0.16 is q = 0.4.
  3. Then p = 1 - 0.4 = 0.6.
  4. Heterozygotes are 2pq = 2(0.6)(0.4) = 0.48, or 48% of the population.

Answer: 0.48

Question 8: Producers in an ecosystem store 10,000 kcal. Using the 10% rule, how much energy reaches tertiary consumers?

AP Biology · Ecology

  1. 10 kcal
  2. 100 kcal
  3. 1,000 kcal
  4. 1 kcal
Show the worked answer
  1. Only about 10% of the energy at one level passes to the next.
  2. Producers to primary consumers: 10,000 x 0.1 = 1,000 kcal.
  3. Primary to secondary consumers: 1,000 x 0.1 = 100 kcal.
  4. Secondary to tertiary consumers: 100 x 0.1 = 10 kcal.

Answer: 10 kcal

Which unit each printed question belongs to

Use this map after marking your work. If two misses share a unit, review that unit before starting a generated set.

The 8 printed AP Biology questions, the unit each one tests, and its answer.
QuestionUnitWhat it asksAnswer
1Chemistry of LifeTwelve amino acids join into a single polypeptide. How many water molecules are released?11
2Cell Structure and FunctionA cube-shaped cell measures 2 micrometers on each side. What is its surface-area-to-volume ratio?3 to 1
3Cellular EnergeticsHow many carbon dioxide molecules are released for each glucose molecule fully broken down in aerobic respiration?6
4Cell Communication and Cell CycleA cell has a diploid number of 12. How many chromosomes are in each cell after mitosis, and after meiosis II?12 after mitosis, 6 after meiosis II
5HeredityTwo plants with genotype AaBb are crossed. What is the probability of an aabb offspring?1/16
6Gene Expression and RegulationAn mRNA reads 5'-AUG GCA UAA-3'. How many amino acids does it code for?2
7Natural SelectionIn a population at Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, 16% show the recessive phenotype. What fraction of the population is heterozygous?0.48
8EcologyProducers in an ecosystem store 10,000 kcal. Using the 10% rule, how much energy reaches tertiary consumers?10 kcal

How the generated AP Biology sets are created

The 8 questions above are fixed and checked. The generator at the top of the page is different: it writes fresh questions with AI from the course and unit information shown here, then the application checks each one for a complete prompt, four choices, one keyed answer, and an explanation. Generated questions are original practice—not official or released exam questions—and AI can still make mathematical mistakes. Verify a disputed answer with the stated method, your course materials, or the MathGPT solver, and follow the site's academic-integrity guidance.

Questions about this AP Biology course test

What does this page cover?

It covers all 8 AP Biology units listed above.

When can I see correct answers and explanations?

Submit the full test first. The result screen then shows every response, the correct answer, and the explanation so you can review each miss.

How long is each section of the AP Biology exam?

Multiple choice: 1 hour 30 minutes, 60 questions. Free response: 1 hour 30 minutes, 6 questions.

Which AP Biology sections allow a graphing calculator?

Rules change from section to section. Multiple choice: four-function, scientific, or graphing calculator. Free response: four-function, scientific, or graphing calculator. Provided for the whole exam: formula and equation sheet. Practise each section under its own rule.

Which AP Biology units does this test cover?

All eight: Chemistry of Life, Cell Structure and Function, Cellular Energetics, Cell Communication and Cell Cycle, Heredity, Gene Expression and Regulation, Natural Selection, Ecology. Study first: Natural Selection (13–20%) carries the largest published weighting.

What should I check first when I review a missed AP Biology question?

Error bars that overlap mean there is no evidence of a real difference. Claiming a difference anyway loses the data-analysis point.

What should I do with a missed question?

Classify the miss as a definition, setup, calculation, interpretation, or timing error. Re-solve it from a blank page, then use the MathGPT tutor for a hint or method check.